Arthur Ashe Stadium is a tennis stadium located in the Queens borough of New York City. As part of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, it is the main stadium of the US Open tennis tournament, the fourth and final Grand Slam tennis tournament of the calendar year -- and is the largest tennis-specific stadium in the world (by capacity), with a capacity of 23,771.
Located within Flushing Meadows-Corona Park -- a reclaimed site that had previously served as a world's fair site, prior to that Manhattan's coal ash dump and prior to that a natural wetland -- the original stadium design had not included a roof. After suffering successive years of event delays from inclement weather, a new lightweight retractable roof was completed in 2016.
The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, winner of the 1968 inaugural US Open, the first in which professionals could compete.
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History
Opening in 1997, the facility replaced Louis Armstrong Stadium as the primary venue for the tournament. The stadium, which cost $254 million to construct, features 22,547 individual seats, 90 luxury suites, five restaurants and a two-level players' lounge, making it by far the largest tennis-only venue in the world. Like the other 32 courts in the facility, it has a DecoTurf cushioned acrylic surface. Located near Citi Field, the home of the New York Mets, the two facilities share the Mets-Willets Point stops on the New York City Subway's IRT Flushing Line (7 <7> trains) and the Long Island Railroad's Port Washington Branch.
On August 25, 1997, the stadium opened, hosting the US Open, with Whitney Houston singing One Moment in Time during the stadium's inauguration ceremonies and dedicating the performance to Ashe and the new stadium.
On July 19, 2008, the stadium hosted the first ever regular season WNBA game to be played outdoors when the WNBA Indiana Fever beat the host New York Liberty, 71-55. The game served as a fundraising event for breast cancer research.
The facility features a Hawk-Eye electronic system which allows tennis players to challenge the umpire's decision on calls made throughout championships. In 2005, the color scheme for the courts was changed from green to electric blue inner courts and a light green outer court. All US Open Series events now use this color scheme, providing television viewers a more easily trackable ball -- with the yellow tennis balls contrasting more visibly against the blue courts .
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Retractable roof
Lacking a roof, relatively strong and unpredictable winds could occur inside the stadium, events were vulnerable to inclement weather -- and five straight years of rain delays occurred during the US Open men's singles final from 2008 to 2012.
Despite the original design's lacking provisions for a roof, the USTA announced in 2013 plans to construct a roof for the stadium using a 5,000-short-ton (4,536-tonne) superstructure -- having consulted "with every architect involved in the design of a stadium roof in North America."
Notably, the site of the Ashe center featured poor soil conditions. It had previously been Manhattan's Corona Ash Dumps (featured prominently in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby as the Valley of Ashes) and prior to that a natural wetland swamp. For the new roof, a very light solution was critical.
The roof has two 800-ton fabric panels made of 210,000 square feet (20,000 m2) of lightweight PTFE membrane which can open or close on glides, up to 25 feet per minute, to create an opening roughly the size of 17 Olympic swimming pools. The stadium is not fully conditioned; a new chilled water ventilation system controls humidity when the roof is closed. The new cantilevering design is supported by eight columns that sit on concrete bases, each supported by 20 piles driven 150 to 200 feet deep and has a data acquisition and recording system along with synchronized cameras to interpret the data created by the complex control systems. The roof, which cost $150 million, was part of a $550 million renovation of the National Tennis Center. The retractable roof project was completed in 2016.
The roof was designed by Rossetti Architects and its structure was designed by WSP Global. Geiger Engineers Performed preliminary design of the mechanization system. Hardesty & Hanover was Engineer of Record for the mechanization system and performed final design.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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